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Evolution Korea South Korea's democracy is prone to populist inclinations. However, it's healthier than might be expected. The country is looking for a new way of developing. A Confucian culture that values respect for the ancestors and gendered family relations continues influence the society. But there are signs that a secularist culture is emerging. Origins In prehistoric times the ancestors of the modern Koreans lived by hunting and gathering wild food. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and even made furs. These people formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also created an industry of metalworking, making bronze tools, and later iron tools. They traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan and also styles of art, a written language, and papermaking. Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this period the inhabitants of Buyeo were part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical state with the monarch and top officials were from the aristocracy of the land, while the rest of its population was peasants. The state imposed taxes on the citizens and often required them to fight in the army or work on projects for the government like building fortifications. At the close of this period the state of Baekje was established by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom grew into the southwest of the peninsula, and clashed with China's commandos and Goguryeo's in the area. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian thinking into its state belief system and made the male centered concept of filiopiety an official doctrine in 1390 CE. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families. They had to be obedient to everyone and admired by even their children and grandchildren. Goryeo, a nation that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based upon the patterns created by the mouth when it pronounces. This dramatically improved the communication between people and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and movable metal type were also refined. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi, or “History of the Three Kingdoms” was the first to be recorded. Development in Korea The Korean peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times. Early evidence of human settlements is evident in the form of graves lined with stone, with precious goods like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, made of massive single stones, are prevalent throughout the country. In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognisable political state. The peninsula was later ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern portion of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom, which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state. After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful state, but its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE and left Baekje with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time. The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged, and the three kingdoms began to work together in order to expand their territories. simply click the next website , with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935. As Korea enters the post-crisis era the development paradigm of the country is in flux. The people who are affronted by the enormous cost of the old system would prefer the need for a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand champions of the old system are seeking to protect it by using nationalist sentiments and generating fear about job losses. The academic and policy analysts remain sharply divided on the extent to which these two trends are driving Koreas development towards a new model of economic governance. This article examines the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development including illiberal democracies (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877) democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also highlights key factors that seem to influence these processes. Creationism in Korea In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their views to this segment. A 2009 survey revealed that nearly three-quarters of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there was not enough scientific evidence to support evolution 39% claimed that the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs and 17% claimed it was difficult to understand. This level of disbelief approaches that in the United States, where a similar number of people do not accept that humans evolved from earlier species of life. In the past, most of the anti-evolutionist movement in Korea was focused on educating college students and leading them to Christ. In 1980 the year 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event drew an impressive crowd of scientists, professors and church leaders. The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The inaugural meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it attracted a lot of attention. KACR started publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In CREATION, the organization reported on its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated several films and slides from ICR and several books on creationism that were published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures in churches and universities throughout the country. One instance of one KACR success story was at the KAIST university in Seoul. There, students were so fascinated by the concept of creationism that they raised the funds and support to put up a small museum on campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits. In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION which covers topics in creation science. It has also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established local branches, which hold seminars and provide talks to children in schools and other community groups. Changes in South Korea In the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. In this period the samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, became loved by the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various types of musical instruments. Korea's new model of development is being formed in the wake of the economic crisis. The primary challenge for the new regime is to find the right balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also involves rethinking the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining schemes that have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 & 4. Baekje, founded by Onjo the prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas as well as migrant workers from northern China. Baekje, a major regional power in the early 4th century, expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do south. In the process, it entered into frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border. The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo. However, his rule was short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla and later joined Baekje into Goryeo peacefully as a successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.